Upper limb disability may be caused either due to accidents, neurological disorders, or even birth defects, imposing limitations and restrictions on the interaction with a computer for the concerned individuals using a generic optical mouse. The work provides an empirical foundation to product design and future research of touch input and haptic systems. We compare and discuss these findings with previous results on early generations of devices. Participants subjective experience of haptic feedback in all tasks tended to be more positive than their time or accuracy performance suggests. Overall, we found actuated touchscreen haptic feedback particularly effective when the touched object was visually interfered by the finger. Stronger results were achieved in a physical haptic mock-up.
For path following tasks, virtual haptic feedback improved accuracy at a reduced speed in a sitting condition.
For drag & drop, a clear performance improvement was measured when haptic feedback is applied to target boundary crossing, particularly when the targets are small. Results show actuated haptic confirmation on tapping targets was subjectively appreciated by some users but did not improve tapping speed or accuracy. We study the effects of haptic augmentation on tapping, path following, and drag & drop tasks based on a recent flagship smartphone with refined touch sensing and haptic actuator technologies.
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